Modern methods, techniques and technical means of monitoring movements of the Earth crust

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-5-99-104
Читать на русскоя языкеR.V. Shevchuk1, 2, A.I. Manevich1, 2, D. Zh. Akmatov1, 2, D.I. Urmanov1, 2, A.I. Shakirov1, 2
1 Geophysical center RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
2 National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow, Russian Federation

Russian Mining Industry №5 / 2022 р. 99-104

Abstract: This article gives an overview of available methods and techniques for geodynamic monitoring, such as the high-precision geometric re-leveling, high-precision linear-angular constructions, high-precision distance measurements, laser scanning, global navigation satellite systems, laser interferometers and strainmeters, radar satellite interferometry. The experience of applying these technologies in different physiographic regions is also described. The tools used in measurements, which provide the maximum achievable accuracy of methods in modern conditions, are demonstrated. A table is made with the summary characteristic of instrumental methods to measure the parameters of current movements of the Earth crust. On the basis of the performed comparative analysis of modern methods, techniques and technical means for execution of geodynamic monitoring, the most effective ones have been chosen from the methods listed above. Such methods include methods of high-precision geometric levelling of I and II classes, as well as the global navigation satellite systems. Complex use of these methods will allow to obtain reliable data about the geodynamic situation of the investigated area.

Keywords: monitoring, methods, technique, measurements, crustal movements, deformation, displacements

Acknowledgements: This work was conducted in the framework of budgetary funding of the Geophysical Center of RAS, adopted by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.

For citation: Shevchuk R.V., Manevich A.I., Akmatov D. Zh., Urmanov D.I., Shakirov A.I. Modern methods, techniques and technical means of monitoring movements of the Earth crust. Russian Mining Industry. 2022;(5):99–104. https://doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-5-99-104


Article info

Received: 12.09.2022

Revised: 06.10.2022

Accepted: 07.10.2022


Information about the authors

Roman V. Shevchuk – Junior Researcher, Geodynamics Laboratory, Geophysical Center RAS, Fourth Year Postgraduate Student, Mining Institute NUST MISIS, Moscow, Russian Federation; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Alexander I. Manevich – Researcher, Geodynamics Laboratory, Geophysical Center, RAS, Senior Lecturer, Mining Safety and Ecology Department, Mining Institute NUST MISIS, Moscow, Russian Federation; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Dastan Zh. Akmatov – Junior Researcher, Geodynamics Laboratory, Geophysical Center of RAS, Fourth Year Postgraduate Student, Mining Institute NUST MISIS, Moscow, Russian Federation; e-mail: Dastan. This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Danil I. Urmanov – Engineer at the Geodynamics Laboratory of the Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, first-year postgraduate student, Mining Institute NUST, Moscow, Russian Federation; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Artur I. Shakirov – Engineer at the Geodynamics Laboratory of the Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, first-year postgraduate student, Mining Institute NUST MISIS, Moscow, Russian Federation; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.


References

1. Kuzmin Yu.O. Geodynamic polygons in the solution of fundamental problems of geodynamics and prospects of their conjugation with regional tectonophysical studies. In: Rebetsky Yu.L. (ed.) Tectonophysics and topical issues of the earth sciences: Proceedings of the Fifth All-Russian Conference with international participation, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of M.V. Gzovsky, Moscow, October 5–9, 2020. Moscow: Institute of Physics of the Earth RAS; 2020, pp. 108–115. (In Russ.)

2. Mironov I.K., Maguskin V.M. Experience of observing deformations of the earth's surface at small sites in rift zones in 1984–1995 in Kamchatka. Vulkanologia i Sejsmologia. 2019;(4):52–68. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31857/S0203-03062019452-68

3. Kuzmin Yu.O., Fattakhov E.A. A Tensiometric analysis of the earth surface deformations based on the results of long-term optical distance observations in Kamchatka. The Way of Science. 2016;2(5):75–78. (In Russ.)

4. Fattakhov E.A. Spectral-temporal analysis of laser rangefinder observations on the Kamchatsky and Ashgabad geodynamic polygons. Vestnik of SSUGT. 2017;22(4):5–17. (In Russ.)

5. Telling J., Lyda A., Hartzell P., Glennie C. Review of Earth science research using terrestrial laser scanning. Earth-Science Reviews. 2017;169:35–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.04.007

6. Harmening C., Neuner H. A spatio-temporal deformation model for laser scanning point clouds. Journal of Geodesy. 2020;94(2):26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-020-01352-0

7. Bernd H. Development and research of an automated system of geodetic deformation monitoring of engineering structures based on high-precision digital inclinometry and technometry: Dissertation of Cand. Sci. (Eng.). Moscow; 2017. 144 p. (In Russ.)

8. Kaftan V.I., Dokukin P.A. Geodetic satellite measurements, processing and deformation analysis. Moscow: Peoples' Friendship University of Russia; 2017. 272 p. (In Russ.)

9. Kaftan V.I., Gvishiani A.D., Morozov V.N., Tatarinov V.N. Methods and results of determination of movements and deformations of the Earth’s crust according to GNSS data at the Nizhne-Kansk geodynamic test network in the area of radioactive waste disposa. Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa. 2019;16(1):83–94. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21046/2070-7401-2019-16-1-83-94

10. Krasnoperov R.I. Analysis of seismotectonic movements of the Earth's crust according to observations of global navigation satellite systems: Dissertation Cand. Sci. (Phys. and Math.). Moscow; 2012. 150 p. (In Russ.)

11. Melnikov A.Yu. Development of Methods of Deformation Process Analysis in Seismically Active Regions According to Satellite HighAccuracy Coordinate Determinations: Dissertation Cand. Sci. (Eng.). Moscow; 2019. 152 p. (In Russ.)

12. Segall P., Davis J.L. GPS applications for geodynamics and earthquake studies. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 1997;25(1):301–336. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.25.1.301

13. Bock Y., Melgar D. Physical applications of GPS geodesy: a review. Reports on Progress in Physics. 2016;79(10):106801. https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/79/10/106801

14. Dubrov M.N., Alyoshin V.A. High-precision laser interferometers in multicomponent measuring systems. Journal of Radio Electronics. 2000;(10):7–13. (In Russ.) URL: http://jre.cplire.ru/jre/oct00/4/text.html

15. Braitenberg C. The deforming and rotating Earth – A review of the 18th International Symposium on Geodynamics and Earth Tide, Trieste 2016. Geodesy and Geodynamics. 2018;9(3):187–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2018.03.003

16. Milyukov V.К., Kravchuk V.К. Observations of the Earth's deformation spectrum bу means of а laser interferometer-deformograph. Moscow University Physics Bulletin. 1996;(2):60–64.

17. Milyukov V.K., Klyachko B.S., Myasnikov A.V., Striganov P.S., Yanin A.F., Vlasov A.N. A laser interferometer-deformograph for monitoring the crust movement. Instruments and Experimental Techniques. 2005;48(6):780–795. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10786-005-0140-9

18. Milyukov V.K. Monitoring of magma features on Elbrus volcano based on observations of lithosphere deformation. Vulkanologia i Sejsmologia. 2006;(1):3–15. (In Russ.)

19. Milyukov V.K., Kopaev A.V., Lagutkina A.V., Mironov A.P., Myasnikov A.V. Observations of crustal tide strains in the Elbrus area. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth. 2007;43(11):922–930. https://doi.org/10.1134/S106935130711002X

20. Milyukov V.K., Kravchyuk V.K., Mironov A.P., Latynina L.A. Deformation processes in the lithosphere related to the nonuniformity of the earth's rotation. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth. 2011;47(3):246–258. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1069351311020042

21. Jahr T. Non-tidal tilt and strain signals recorded at the Geodynamic Observatory Moxa, Thuringia/Germany. Geodesy and Geodynamics. 2018;9(3):229–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2017.03.015

22. Jahr T., Kroner C., Lippmann A. Strainmeters at Moxa observatory, Germany. Journal of Geodynamics. 2006;41(1-3):205–212. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2005.08.017

23. Akmatov D.Zh., Nikolaichuk V.V., Tikhonov A.A., Shevchuk R.V. Radar Interferometry as Supplement to Classical Methods to Observe Earth's Surface Displacement. Russian Mining Industry. 2020;(1):144-147. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2020-1-144-147

24. Mikhailov V.O., Kiseleva E.A., Smol'yaninova E.I., Dmitriev P.N., Golubev V.I., Timoshkina E.P., Khairetdinov S.A. INSAR: New technologies of the satellite monitoring of mineral resources exploration fields and natural and man-made object displacements. Science and Technological Developments. 2016;95(3):5–11. (In Russ.)

25. Boncori M.J.-P. Measuring coseismic deformation with spaceborne synthetic aperture radar: A review. Frontiers in Earth Science. 2019;7:16. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00016

26. He P., Wen Y., Xu C., Chen Y. Complete three-dimensional near-field surface displacements from imaging geodesy techniques applied to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2019;232:111321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111321

27. Mikhailov V.O., Kiseleva E.A., Dmitriev P.N., Golubev V.I., Smolyaninova E.I., Timoshkina E.P. Estimation of full vector of displacements of the earth' surface and technogenic objects based on INSAR data applied to oil and gas production areas. Geophysical Research. 2012;13(3):5–17. (In Russ.)

28. Myasnikov A.V. On the problem of taking into account the effect of meteorological factors on large precision systems: a case study of the Baksan large-base laser interferometer. Seismicheskie Pribory. 2019;55(2):27–38. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21455/si2019.2-2