Classification of seismic signal sources based on waveform file identification (as exemplified by rock-bump hazard forecasting in underground mines of the Кirovsk Branch of JSC «Apatit»)
S.A. Zhukova1,2, V.S. Onuprienko3, A.A. Streshnev3
1 Mining Institute Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russian Federation
2 Murmansk Arctic University, Branch, Apatity, Russian Federation
3 Кirovsk Branch of JSC «Apatit», Kirovsk, Russian Federation
Russian Mining Industry №6/ 2025 p. 164-172
Abstract: When mining operations are performed over large areas, the rate of rock deformation increases significantly and the stresses are redistributed compared to the natural processes in an undisturbed rock mass under the tectonic and gravitational loads. These processes cause an increase in seismicity at the mined deposits, and therefore seismic monitoring is carried out in underground mines using automated control systems. The purpose of this monitoring is to identify shock-prone areas in a timely manner. The regional forecast of the rock-bump hazard in the underground mines of the Кirovsk Branch of JSC «Apatit» is based on the continuous recording of seismic data, which is identified according to certain parameters. A classification of seismic signal sources has been compiled based on the current identification of the waveform files. Four main categories of seismic vibration sources have been identified, each of which includes several identifiers. It has been established that, in order to correctly identify the signal sources, information is sometimes required on the presence of geological disturbances, mine surveying of the caving edge, technological and large-scale blasting, etc.
Keywords: seismic event, seismicity, Khibiny massif, seismic event source, geodynamic phenomena, mining operations
For citation: Zhukova S.A., Onuprienko V.S., Streshnev A.A. Classification of seismic signal sources based on waveform file identification (as exemplified by rock-bump hazard forecasting in underground mines of the Кirovsk Branch of JSC «Apatit». Russian Mining Industry. 2025;(6):164–172. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2025-6-164-172
Article info
Received: 23.08.2025
Revised: 23.10.2025
Accepted: 27.10.2025
Information about the authors
Svetlana A. Zhukova – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Prediction of rockburst hazard of rock deposits, Rock Mechanics Department, Mining Institute Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Russian Federation; Associate Professor of the Department of Mining, Earth Sciences and Environmental Management, branch of the Murmansk Arctic University, Apatity, Russian Federation; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0769-6584; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Vyacheslav S. Onuprienko – Chief Engineer, Кirovsk Branch of JSC «Apatit», Kirovsk, Russian Federation; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Anatoly A. Streshnev – Department of Rockburst Forecasting and Prevention, Кirovsk Branch of JSC «Apatit», Kirovsk, Russian Federation; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
References
1. Kozyrev A.A., Savchenko S.N., Panin V.I., Semenova I.E., Rybin V.V., Fedotova Yu.V. et al. Geomekhanicheskie protsessy v geologicheskoy srede gornotekhnicheskikh sistem i upravlenie geodinamicheskimi riskami [Geomechanical processes in the geological environment of mining systems and geodynamic risk management]. Apatity: KNTs RAN; 2019. 431 p. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.37614/978.5.91137.391.7
2. Batugin A.S. General features of strong rock bursts and induced earthquakes in critical-stress areas of the Earth’s crust. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2021;(1):22–27. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17580/gzh.2021.01.04
3. Emanov A.F., Emanov A.A., Fateev A.V., Shevkunova E.V., Podkorytova V.G., Kuprish O.V. Induced seismicity in coal and iron ore regions of Kuzbass. Russian Journal of Seismology. 2020;2(3):88–96. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.35540/2686-7907.2020.3.08
4. Eremenko A.A., Mulev S.N., Shtirts V.A. Microseismic monitoring of geodynamic phenomena in rockburst-hazardous mining conditions. Journal of Mining Science. 2022;58(1):10–19. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1062739122010021
5. Abolfazlzadeh Y., Hudyma M. Identifying and describing a seismogenic zone in a sublevel caving mine. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 2016;49(9):3735–3751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1017-x
6. Gonzalez F.J., Vallejos J.A., Rojas E., Landeros P. Evaluation of the seismic rock mass response to mining and the impact of preconditioning using an epidemic-type aftershock model. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2022;150:104975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104975
7. Gibowicz S.J., Lasocki S. Seismicity induced by mining: Ten years later. Advances in Geophysics. 2001;44:39–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2687(00)80007-2
8. Kozlowska M., Orlecka-Sikora B., Dineva S., Rudzinski L., Boskovic M. What Governs the Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Aftershocks in Mining‐Induced Seismicity: Insight into the Influence of Coseismic Static Stress Changes on Seismicity in Kiruna Mine, Sweden. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 2021. Vol 111. no 1. pp. 409–423. DOI https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200111
9. Wang S., Si G., Wang C., Cai W., Li B., Oh J., Canbulat I. Quantitative assessment of the spatio-temporal correlations of seismic events induced by longwall coal mining. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2022;14(5):1406–1420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.04.002
10. Abrashitov A.Yu., Onuprienko V.S., Korchak P.A. A three-tier system of seismic rock mass monitoring in the Khibiny apatite-nepheline ore deposits. Russian Mining Industry. 2023;(S1):36–42. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2023-S1-36-42
11. Korchak P.A., Zhukova S.A., Menshikov P.Yu. Formation and development of the seismic process monitoring system in the production area of Apatit JSC. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2014;(10):42–46. (In Russ.)
12. Onokhin F.M. Osobennosti struktury Khibinskogo massiva i apatitonefelinovykh mestorozhdeniy [Features of the structure of the Khibiny massif and apatite-nepheline deposits]. Leningrad: Nauka. Leningr. otd-nie; 1975. 106 p. (In Russ.)
13. Zhukova S.A., Zhuravleva O.G., Onuprienko V.S., Streshnev A.A. Changes in the seismic energy flow when mining deep levels (the Apatite Circus deposit, Khibiny Massif). Russian Mining Industry. 2023;(4):110–116. https://doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2023-4-110-116
14. Zhukova S.A., Zhuravleva O.G., Onuprienko V.S., Streshnev A.A. Assessment of seismicity level based on seismic energy flow distribution at deep levels of the Kukisvumchorr deposit. Russian Mining Industry. 2024;(5):108–114. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2024-5-108-114
15. Kozyrev A., Batugin A., Zuo J., Zhukova S. The impact of surface water seepage on seismicity and rockbursting in mines. Sustainability. 2022;14(22):15414. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215414
